The advisory opinions on States’ obligations with respect to climate change delivered by the ITLOS, IACtHR and the ICJ consider many important legal elements that are relevant to the UNFCCC negotiations. Ahead of COP 30, LRI prepared an explainer to brief negotiators on the important findings of three major international courts.

This memorandum addresses three queries regarding the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) obligations to consider guidance from the Conference of the Parties (COP), the nature of the relationship between COP and GCF, and the mechanisms available to ensure that all relevant guidance is brought to the GCF’s attention and considered by it.  Query:  …

Summary  This research examines two broad approaches to climate change legislation: sectoral legislation and framework legislation. Some benefits of sectoral legislation are that it may be quicker to implement and may be more targeted. Framework legislation may be beneficial for broader implementation across government, to facilitate progress and …

Query:  Can the CMA legally mandate institutions, bodies or agencies outside the UNFCCC to report on adaptation action and progress related to relevant thematic targets under the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience?   Summary: Summary of response 

Query: Could the Paris Agreement Implementation and Compliance Committee address lack of funding/capacity-building for reporting obligations as an implementation and compliance issue affecting SIDS and LDCs? Advice: I. About the Paris Agreement Implementation and Compliance Committee   The Paris Agreement (PA) established in its Article 15 a mechanism …